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RESIDENT-GENERATED COMPOST-TARGET, HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE, AND CAT LITTER AT A MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING
Stephan P. Pollard & Jennie S. Popp
Edward E. Gbur
Malcolm K. Cleaveland ABSTRACT
Development of successful multi-family dwelling (MFD) organics and household hazardous
waste (HHW) diversion programs require empirical knowledge of the composition, variability, and generation rates of compostables and HHW
associated with the disposal behavior of MFD residents. A full sampling of MFD residents non-bulky, non move-out disposal over a fall
and spring study period was undertaken at a 28-unit apartment complex having no children in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Per capita weekly
generation rates for organics and HHW categories were calculated based on the results of the test for significant differences between
period means. Significant differences were found between the period means for total compost-target material (CTM) disposal. On a period
average basis, generation rates for CTM ranged from 1.337 kg/person/wk for the fall period to 1.045 kg/person/wk for the spring period.
No significant difference, however, was found between the period means for total HHW disposal and cat litter. HHW across the two periods
averaged 0.078 kg/person/wk. Cat litter, a material collected as part of at least one large municipal waste diversion program’s organics
collection, was found to represent a significant portion of total generated disposal. Implications for future CTM and HHW-focused MFD
waste characterization studies are discussed.
TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM REDMUD COMPOSITE
Dr. S.K. Acharya ABSTRACT
Red mud emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by
the Bayer’s process. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminum and silica along with some other minor constituents. Based on
economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e.
of utilization, storage and disposal. Different avenues of red mud utilization are more or less known but none of them have so far
proved to be economically viable or commercially feasible. In this paper attempts were made to synthesize aluminum hard particle
composites by liquid casting technique using red mud as reinforcing particles with different volume fraction (10,15,20and 30 percent by
weight). All the tests were carried out under dry sliding condition on a pin-on-disc machine. The wear rate and co-efficient of friction
are found to be functions of normal load, sliding velocity and red mud content.
DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM FOR FOUNDRY WASTE RECYCLING
G.P. Moynihan, D. J. Fonseca
E.P. Richards ABSTRACT
Knowledge-based systems, such as expert systems, provide a means of automating both foundry and environmental expertise. This approach may be further leveraged by implementing the expert system on the internet. This type of knowledge-based system can provide geographically wide distribution of specialized expertise in a consistent manner. The purpose of this research was to develop a prototype web-based expert system. The system considers the recycling potential of such foundry residuals as fly ash, steel slag, and non-ferrous slags for their potential use in road construction applications. This assessment considers Environmental Protection Agency regulations and standards for hazardous waste. In operation, users answer a series of screen prompts regarding the details of their specific industrial process. The software then leads the user through the process of systematically identifying constituent materials, identifying potential health or safety issues, and prescribing recommendations for their recycling. LOW CALORIE BISCUITS FROM BANANA PEEL PULP
Rucha Vinay Joshi ABSTRACT
Annual banana production in world is about 100 million tons. However, banana peel is
still considered as useless product and is discarded at large. These peels are otherwise useful and were thought to be acceptable for
human consumption. Thus the idea of using peel pulp in biscuit production was explored.
GEOPOLYMERS, ALTERNATIVE MATRICES FOR THE IMMOBILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE — LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY
Divya Khale ABSTRACT
In this study fly ash based geopolymer was used for the immobilization of heavy metals
present in the steel-processing unit bearing Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. Fly ash with a small amount of additive and activators are utilized
for the solidification/stabilization of heavy metals. Microscopic studies using SEM/EDAX and XRD were performed to study the structure
of the fly ash based geopolymer formed by the alkali activation and to study the effect of the sludge incorporation of the pure matrix.
The new proposed matrix was found to be very efficient in stabilization of heavy metals; approximately 90 % of the heavy metals were
locked into the geopolymeric matrix.
MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING RECYCLABLES GENERATION AND COMPOSITION
Stephan P. Pollard ABSTRACT
Informed multi-family dwelling (MFD) waste reduction and recyclables collection programs
require empirical knowledge of the composition, variability, and generation rates of recyclables associated with the waste disposal
behavior of MFD residents. A full sampling of MFD residents’ non move-out, non-bulky disposal over four study periods was undertaken at
a 28-unit apartment complex having no children in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Generation rates for commonly collected categories of
recyclables were calculated based on the results of the test for significant difference between period means. Using analysis of variance
and a 10% significance level, no significant difference was found between the period means for corrugated boxes, rigid paperboard, mixed
paper, HDPE bottles and jugs, steel cans and lids, aluminum cans, and clear glass constituent recyclable material groups. Significant
differences were, however, found between the period means for newspaper, PET bottles and jugs, the glass material group brown glass,
green glass, and total recyclable disposal. The period average total recyclable generation rate ranged from 1.97 kg/person/wk to 2.77
kg/person/wk across the periods.
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