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DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FROM ALKALI ACTIVATED FLY ASH Hossein Rostami1, Robert Brooks 2, Fernando Tovia3, Mozhgan Bahadory41 Associate Professor of Science, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia PA, 19144, Phone: (215) 951-2877, Fax: (215)951-6812, Email: rostamih@philau.edu
2 Associate Professor, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, Corresponding author - Phone: (215) 204-6348, Fax: (215) 204-4696, Email: rmbrooks@temple.edu
3 Assistant Professor of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia PA, 19144, Phone: (215) 951-5256, Fax: (215)951-6812, Email: toviaf@philau.edu
4 Researcher, Resource Engine Corp, Philadelphia PA, 19104, Phone: (215) 895-1693, Fax: (215)895-1265, Email: mb328@drexel.edu ABSTRACT A new lightweight material for construction applications that utilizes alkali activated fly ash along with a gassing agent and lightweight aggregates (e.g. vermiculite) has been developed. This Lightweight Alkali Ash Material (LW-AAM) does not require autoclaving, in contrast to the production of conventional Autoclave Cellular Concrete. LW-AAM can produce materials with densities ranging from 1200 kg/m3 to 2200 kg/m3 and compressive strength from 2 MPa to 65 MPa. These are highly resistant to corrosive action of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric and acetic acids which are known to readily deteriorate Portland cement concrete. LW-AAM is also a highly durable material. It resists the action of freezing and thawing. In addition to the development of new engineering material, utilization of AAMs for construction has the potential of recycling of a huge quantity of fly ash that otherwise would be landfilled.
SCRAP TIRE—AN ATTRACTIVE MATERIAL FOR GRAVITY RETAINING WALLS AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT A.S.F.J. Sayão Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, R. Marques de São Vicente 225, Room 301, 22453-900 BRAZIL Email: sayao@civ.puc-rio.br
D.M.S. Gerscovich State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, R. São Francisco Xavier 524 – 5018 Bl A, 20550-900 BRAZIL Email: deniseg@uerj.br
L.V. Medeiros Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, R. Marques de São Vicente 225, Room 301, 22453-900 BRAZIL Email: lmedeiros@globo.com
A.C.C.F. Sieira State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, R. São Francisco Xavier 524 – 5018 Bl A, 20550-900 BRAZIL Email: sieira@uerj.br
ABSTRACT Industrial societies produce scrap tires at increasing rates every year, generating a large amount of a non-degradable urban solid waste. Stockpiles of scrap tires are exposed to constant danger of fire, besides they may induce propagation of insects and diseases. This paper describes the construction procedures and results of a comprehensive research project on the re-use of scrap tires for geotechnical engineering purposes, carried out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A 60m length prototype soil-tire retaining wall was built with layers of tires filled in with compacted soil. The wall comprised 4 sections in order to evaluate the influence of the construction procedure on the flexibility of the retaining structure. The wall and backfill were instrumented with inclinometers and earth pressure cells. A numeric simulation of the construction of the wall was used to evaluate the deformability parameters of the tire-soil material. The soil-tire interaction mechanism was studied by a series of series of field pullout tests, with several arrangements of scrap tire mats which were subjected to different confining levels. The research revealed that scrap tires are an attractive low cost construction material for slope stabilization projects.Keywords: Scrap tires, retaining wall, field instrumentation, field pullout tests
ESTIMATING METHANE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF AN OLD MUNICIPAL LANDFILL Joseph C. Akunna*, Ph.D. Urban Water Technology Centre, University of Abertay Dundee Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UNITED KINGDOM Email: j.akunna@abertay.ac.uk
Kazi Hasan, M.Sc. Urban Water Technology Centre, University of Abertay Dundee Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UNITED KINGDOM Email: kazi.hasan@abertay.ac.uk
Kenneth Kerr, M.Sc. Waste Management Department, Dundee City Council 34 Harefield Road, Dundee DD2 3JW, UNITED KINGDOM Email: kenny.kerr@dundeecity.gov.uk
ABSTRACT This paper presents a methodology for estimating methane potential of a closed landfill applied at a site in Dundee, Scotland. Leachate and gas monitoring data collected over a three-year period were to enable identification of areas where detailed characterisation of the buried wastes was carried out for the estimation of methane potential of the landfill. The site did not have leachate collection or recycling. It was thus assumed that in-situ leachate quality was a reflection of the nature of overlaying wastes. Five new sampling boreholes were created on this basis. Solid samples were analysed using the accelerated biodegradability test. Results showed that the organic wastes still present in the landfill were mainly non-readily biodegradable materials such as woods, plastic materials, textiles etc. with methane potential varying from 1.3 to 2.5 Nm3CH4/tonne of total dry solids. Both existing leachate quality data and those obtained from the new sampling boreholes also suggested that most readily biodegradable organic matter in the landfill had been stabilised. It was concluded that wastes remaining in the landfill would break down extremely slowly due to low the in-situ temperature (8-10 ºC), which may lead to low methane generation rates over a protracted period of time. Keywords: Accelerated Biodegradability Test; closed landfill; leachate quality; methane potential.
A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO FUTURE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES—A CLOSER LOOK AT GEORGETOWN, GUYANA Anita Závodská, Ph.D. Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Assistant Professor of Environmental Sciences School of Adult and Continuing Education, Barry University 8001 SW 36 th Street, Suite #1Davie, FL 33328, USA Tel: (305) 981-5224 Email: azavodska@mail.barry.eduABSTRACT The need for proper municipal solid waste management in developing countries is imperative because the effects of improper management practices on the environment and public health can be profound. Practical solutions to solid waste management problems today show that the technical answer is not always the sole answer. In many situations this is due partly to inadequate technical knowledge and partly to socioeconomic reasons, yet in spite of this, decisions still have to be made. Lack of information, be it scientific or social, is a common phenomenon in many developing countries where insufficient funding only exacerbates the problem. The aim of this study was to take all of this into consideration and to develop a methodology that would be specific in its recommendations to Guyana, but would be generic enough to be modified and applied to any other developing countries with similar characteristics. The final product was a quick, practical, cost-effective, and environmentally-sound ten-point checklist that could be utilised by solid waste planners in developing countries. Keywords: municipal, solid waste, management, developing countries, methodology
UTILISATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE FLYASH AS AN ADULTERANT TO CLAY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGALORE ROOFING TILES Dr. Susan Rego Department of Built and Natural EnvironmentCaledonian College of Engineering Sultanate of Oman INDIA Email: suanch@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT Clay is the common name for a number of fine grained earthly materials that become plastic when wet. Clay is extensively used in ceramic industry in general and in the manufacturing of roofing tiles and bricks in particular in Dakshina Kannada district of coastal Karnataka. In Dakshina Kannada clay tile manufacturing industries are the major constituent contributors for rural and urban housing across the coastal and hilly regions of India. However, these tile factories are now facing shortage of good quality clay. Nearly 50,000 acres of fertile top soil is removed till recent years for making bricks and tiles. This causes ecological unbalances specifically for an agricultural country like India [6]. On the other hand, technological advancement has brought in modern industries like thermal power plants and iron ore environment polluting and health hazardous waste products in huge quantity. The thermal power plants have problems in safe disposal of hazardous flyash. Fortunately, this flyash is found to possess potential characteristics which could be tapped for producing low cost building or clay roofing materials. This paper presents the results of an experimental study made on utilization of flyash in appropriate proportions, with good quality clay for the manufacture of roofing tiles. It also presents the different types of fuels used, cost of production and the energy audit. From the results of this study, it is concluded that cost effective, ecofriendly and durable clay tiles could be produced with flyash as an additive in optimum proportion. Keywords: Roofing tiles, clay, flyash, energy audit
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE CHEMICALS TREATMENTS ON AUTO BATTERY WASTE CONTAMINATED SOIL IN NIGERIA M.B. Ogundiran* and O. Osibanjo Analytical/Environmental Unit Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan NIGERIA
ABSTRACT Auto battery waste contaminated site poses potential threats to the environment and biological life through lead toxicity, thus making remediation imperative. The possibility of using phosphate chemicals to reclaim a grossly lead-contaminated site was explored. The study site was an abandoned lead-acid battery waste dumpsite in Nigeria. Phosphate chemicals were applied at 5 and 10% phosphorus levels to the contaminated soil collected from the site in incubation experiments. The air-dried sub-samples of the incubated soils were analyzed for pH, P, bioavailable Pb and TCLP- extractable Pb. Results showed that 99.5% of the applied phosphorus was removed by the end of the first week of incubation. Incubation time showed less effect on Pb immobilization. A 10% phosphorus application resulted in reductions of water soluble Pb between 77.8% and 86.4% thus eliminating to a reasonable extent, the hazard to living things and the environment. TCLP extractable Pb was reduced from 50.2 mg/L in untreated soil to below the acceptable value of 5.0 mg/L. An application of 10% CHP produced overall effectiveness in the reduction of bioavailable Pb, TCLP-extractable soil Pb. This treatment also had little effect on soil acidification and resulted in the least residual P. Results therefore indicated that phosphorus can be used as potential chemical remediation for cleanup of battery waste contaminated soils. Keywords: Lead; contaminated soil; battery waste; remediation; phosphate chemicals; speciation
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